Introducation:
The purose of this experiment is to measure the spectral lines of white light source to identify the unknown gas. When a light source is shone through the slit creating different colors with distinct wavelengths which interfere constructively with each other. The wavelength of the interested color can be computed by using λ = Dd/L.
To begin the experiment, we first take a two meter long ruler and place it perpendicular to a one meter long ruler. Where the two ruler met we placed our light source. At the opposite end of two meter long ruler we placed our diffraction gradient. We were careful to make it so the light source sat right at the end of the ruler so that the diffraction gradient was exactly two meters away. We then made measurements where the visual spectrum laid along the one meter long ruler for the white light source. For the unknown gas we did the same except we noted where the spectral lines fell along the one meter long ruler and their color.
Data:
Part 1: White Light:
Beacsue of our data did not match the accepted value for the color specturu, we use a graph to find out what factor that our data need to adjust. By using equation λ=λ'm + λ_0, we find out the factors that need to be adjust or shift.
Color
|
Distance between light source and spectre (m)
|
Experimental wavelength (m)
|
experimental wavelength (m)
|
Actual wavelength (m)
|
Violet
|
0.220
|
4.30*10^-7
|
4.41*10^-7
|
4.34*10^-7
|
Green
|
0.249
|
4.83*10^-7
|
4.92*10^-7
|
4.86*10^-7
|
Yellow
|
0.270
|
5.40*10^-7
|
5.45*10^-7
|
5.34*10^-7
|
Red
|
0.339
|
6.42*10^-7
|
6.42*10^-7
|
6.46*10^-7
|
Part 2: Unknown:
|
Color
|
Distance between light source and spectre (m)
|
Experimental wavelength (m)
|
Adjusted experimental
wavelength (m)
|
Violet
|
0.197
|
3.87*10^-7
|
4.00*10^-7
|
Blue
|
0.220
|
4.30*10^-7
|
4.41*10^-7
|
Green
|
0.275
|
5.30*10^-7
|
5.36*10^-7
|
Orange
|
0.295
|
5.66*10^-7
|
5.70*10^-7
|
Conclusion
The different spectral lines indicate the different energy levels that the hydrogen can transition between. For each of these transitions, the hydrogen emits a photon corresponding to a specific wavelength. This method can be used to analyze an unknown gas and determine it's composition based on the energy levels. By using the same method the wavelengths and observed colors were noted, the unknown gas most closely matched the emission spectrum of Hg.
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